A path-based gesture is defined as functionality where an interaction relies on more than just a start and endpoint of a gesture (like a swipe or click and drag). Examples of path-based gestures include the following
A swipe gesture where direction or speed is factored into the functionality
A gesture that requires tracing a specific shape or path
A multipoint gesture is defined as any gesture which requires two points of contact to interact, like a two-finger pinch or a multi-point tap to interact.
Whenever either a path-based gesture or multipoint gesture is used then there must be an alternate method to interact with the functionality. For instance, a button that requires a simple tap or click, or a click and hold.
Path-based gestures and multipoint gestures are going to be relatively rare, you may encounter them on carousels or maps.